A code-level tour of the injection and input validation weaknesses that recur across the CWE Top 25: SQL injection, cross-site scripting, OS command injection, code injection, path traversal, unrestricted file upload, XML external entity injection, server-side request forgery and further variants such as NoSQL and LDAP injection. Each weakness gets an original vulnerable and fixed example, the detection method that actually catches it, and the safer construct that removes the class, closing with a layered detection strategy and a cross-reference to the published OWASP courses.
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