How the 1994 attack on Tsutomu Shimomura's systems exploited address based trust and predictable TCP sequence numbers, and how the surrounding intrusions relied on persuading people rather than breaking software
Nothing. Every course, exam, and certificate on the catalog is free — including retakes. All you need is a free Safeguard account.
None. The flagship course, Safeguard Certified Practitioner, is a beginner-level course — basic familiarity with how software is built helps, but every exam question is answerable from the lessons themselves.
You can retake it after a 24-hour cooldown, as many times as you need. Retakes are free, and each attempt draws a fresh random set of questions.
The Safeguard Certified Practitioner credential is valid for 24 months from issue. The expiry date is printed on the certificate and shown live on its public verification page. Renewing means passing the current exam again.
